What is Inter VLAN Routing and Router-on-stick? and configuration.

Hello...guyz..! welcome back my tutorials friends today I will discuss Inter VLAN Routing and Router-On-stick.

let's understand that what do u means these Routing.

Inter VLAN Routing:- A method that is used to communicate different  VLAN of the subnet.
In this method, we use a layer 3 device. Such as Roter.
Once a host is separated through the VLAN, member host of the same VLAN can communication
with each other.

Configuration Inter VLAN Routing,

first of all, go to the router and command is

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface f0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface f0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit

after that go to switch here command is 

Switch(config)#vlan 10
Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 20
Switch(config-vlan)#exit
Switch(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/1-2
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10
Switch(config-if-range)#exit
Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/6
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/3-4
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 20
Switch(config-if-range)#exit
Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/5
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

 Switch(config-if)#exit

Router-on-stick:- It is the second method is if we want to communicate different VLAN of the subnet here is also required layer 3 device such as Router.

The process of connecting one physical link with the trunked logical(sub) interface is known as Router-on-stick.

Configuration of Router-on-stick 

the command is

go to on router

(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(go to on router

Router>enable
Router#configure termianl
Router(config)#interface f0/0
Routerconfig-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface f0/0.10
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 10
Router(config-subif)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-subif)#no shutdown
 Router(config-subif)#exit
Router(config)#interface f0/0.20
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 20
Router(config-subif)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-subif)#no shutdown
Router(config-subif)#exit

after that go switch

Switch>enable
Switch#configure termianl
Switch(config)#interface range f0/1-2
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10
Switch(config-if-range)#exit
 Switch(config)#interface range f0/3-4
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 20
Switch(config-if-range)#exit
Switch(config)#interface f0/5
 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

What is DTP?Switch Port Mode?

Hello..., Guyzz my name is Dinesh Kumar Gupta. today I will discuss that What is DTP? and Switch port mode.

What is DTP?

DTP:- stands for Dynamic Trunking Protocol.it is a Cisco proprietary protocol. In this protocol, that is used to automatically negotiates the Trunking protocol between Switch. that means automatic assign Switch port in access port or Trunk Port.here is working protocol the protocol is ISL (Inter-Switch Line ) and 802.1Q.it uses 30 seconds to transfer the message to each other.

Switch Port Mode

(1) Administrative Mode

 Administrative also called is input mode.

(a) Access mode
(b) Trunk Mode
(c) Dynamic Desirable
(d) Dynamic Auto
(e) No negotiate

(2) Operational Mode

     Operational Mode also called is output mode.

(a) Access Mode
(b) Trunk Mode

What is VTP? VTP Mode and Configuration?

Hello, friends, my name is Dinesh Kumar Gupta in this tutorial we understand that  What is VTP?VTP Mode and Configuration. 

 Let's start now....!  

VTP: Stands for VLAN Trunking Protocol. It is used to transfer the VLAN database dynamically one Switch to another Switch. by using the trunking protocol. 

There are three VTP Mode 

(a) Server Mode:- In this mode, all information from the VTP server Switch will be synchronized to the VTP Client Switches. by default, all the Cisco switches will be in the Server mode even when there multiple VTP Server. VTP Server can create VLAN, do modify as well can delete the VLAN

(b) Client Mode:- In this mode only see the VTP status and receives the information from the VPT server if the client VTP wants to create VLAN don't create the VLAN.

(c) Transparent Mode:- In this Mode Switches do not participate in the VTP Domain. can add and create VLANs

The requirement of configuration VTP

(1) Change the Hostname 
(2) Configure Trunk Port 
(3) Configure VTP Domain 
(4) Configure VTP mode

Command is

Switch>enable
Switch#configure terminal
Switch(config)#hostname Account
Account(config)#vtp domain CCCNA.COM
Account(config)#interface f0/2
Account(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Account(config-if)#exit
Account(config)vlan 10








Switch>enable
Switch#configure terminal
Switch(config)#hostname HR
HR(config)#interface F0/3
HR(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
HR(config-if)#exit
HR(config)vtp mode client
















Switch>enable
Switch#configure terminal
Switch(config)#hostname SALES
Switch(config)#vtp mode transparent








Show VTP mode
Command is
switch#show vtp status

What is TCP/IP model?

Hello... friends, my name is Dinesh Kumar Gupta.
friends in this tutorial we discuss the TCP/IP model

TCP/IP

Stands for Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol in
this model that define a set of rules to govern communication among all device connected to the internet. TCP Transport is often used to transfer data across IP networks.
It is also called/knows as Internet Protocol Suite.

Comparing the TCP/IP suite with OSI layers

The TCP/IP reference model, also know as the DARA Defence Advanced Research Project Agency )
model after the U.S. government agency that initially developed it consists of Four layers as opposed to seven-layer Open system interconnection (OSI).

The four layers of the TCP/IP reference model are 

1. Application Layer
2. Transport Layer/Host-to-Host layer
3. Internet Layer
4. Network access layer/Network Interface Layer

                                                                       

1. Application Layer:- In this layer define the protocol that application use data transfer while many new application that is currently used in:

such as HTTP, HTTPS, Telnet, DNS, DHCP, RDP, FTP, TFTP, SNMP, NTP, SMTP, POP, IMAP, etc

2. Transport Layer:- In this layer responsible for end-to-end communication to ensuring that all the packet arrive in sequence and also with an error.

Here it Works two Protocol.

(a) TCP(b) UDP

Different between TCP and UDP

TCP:-

Stands for Transmission Control Protocol
TCP uses Port No. 6
It is reliable.
It provides guaranteed data.
It is a connection-oriented protocol
It is used for hight amount of data transmission.
and TCP slow as compared to UDP.

TCP  uses three handshake messages SYN-SYN+ACK-ACK

UDP:-

stands for User Datagram Protocol
UDP uses Port No. 17
It doesn't provide guaranteed of data.
It is a connection-less protocol.
it uses the small amount of data transmission
and UDP fast as compared to TCP.  because of UDP packet transfer in broadcast 

Internet Layer:- In this layer similar to the Network layer of the OSI model and also responsible for accepting, routing and delivering data packets.

the core protocol of the internet layer include Internet Protocol (IP), Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP Revert Address Resolution Protocol (RARP),  and Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)

ARP:- Address Resolution Protocol that is used to resolve IP address into MAC Address

RARP:- Revert Address Resolution Protocol that is used to resolve MAC Address into IP Address.

ICMP:- Internet Control Message Protocol that is used check the connection.

IGMP:- Internet Group Management Protocol that used to the multicast purpose.

Network Layer:- In this layer use to access the Network service and uses some LAN Technology as well as use Transmission media 

ex: Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, X.25
      Coaxial Cable, TP, Fiber Optics cable. 

What is OSI Model? Seven layer of the OSI model?

Hello..guyzz..! welcome back my blogger my name is Dinesh Kumar Gupta.
    Friends...today I will discuss What is OSI Model? and Describe 7 effective Layer of the OSI Model as well as understand PDU (Protocol Data Unit) of the OSI Model.

 So let's start now, first of all 

What is OSI Model?

OSI Stands for Open System Interconnection. It was published in 1984.
OSI model was first proposed by International Standard Organization (ISO) to solve the multiple problems faced in Telecommunication it is a conceptual model of telecommunication networking where the whole process is divided into seven effective layers. 

SEVEN LAYER OF THE OSI MODEL

(1) Application Layer
(2) Presentation Layer
(3) Session Layer
(4) Transport Layer
(5) Network Layer
(6) Data-Link Layer
(7) Physical Layer 

And According to formate of the OSI Model

(1) Physical Layer
(2) Data-Link Layer
(3) Network Layer
(4) Transport Layer
(5) Session Layer
(6) Presentation Layer
(7) Application Layer

Let's understand every layer of the OSI Model

 (1) Physical Layer:- This layer is the primary layer of the OSI Model and consists of connecting device such as Ethernet cable, Token ring, hubs,                                            repeaters. this layer responsible for connecting the device to physical transmission media such as copper or optical or  Radiofrequency and also called the hardware layer or lower layer.

                                  

(2) Data-Link Layer:- in this layer encode and decode data packet into bits and using its transmission protocol. it handles the error in the physical layer. it also controls flow and synchronization of the frame and at the same time, it manages controlling access to the physical layer network device.

(3) Network Layer:- In this layer adds the concept of routing above the data link layer. When data arrives at the network layer, the source and destination address contained inside each frame are examined to determine if the data has reached its final destination. if the data has reached the final destination, this layer 3 formats the data into packet delivered up to the Transport layer.

(4) Transport Layer:- In the fourth layer, the variable length data sequence has to be transferred from source to destination host through one to more network. this Transport layer delivers data across the network connection.The supported protocol at this layer are TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

(5) Sessions Layer:- In this layer responsible communication or connection between the computer and establishing connections between local and remote applications.

(6) Presentation Layer:- In this layer here is a simple function of any pieces of the OSI model. here is handled syntax processing of the message data such as formate of data, encryption/decryption. 

(7) Application Layer:- In the last layer of the OSI model this layer represents the data is understood by the end user.the application layer supplies network services to the end-user application. network services are typically a protocol that works with user's data.
for example, in a web browser application, the application layer protocol "HTTP" (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol ) is also called a software layer or upper layer.

PDU in OSI Model:-

(1) Application Layer:- DATA ( the data received or transmitted by a software                                                                  application )
(2) Presentation Layer: -DATA ( Formatted of data )
(3) Session Layer:- DATA  ( The data passed to the network connection )
(4) Transport Layer:- SEGMENT (A segment that includes a TCP header and                                                                      data)
(5) Network Layer:- PACKET  ( contain the source and destination address)
(6) Data-Link Layer:- FRAME ( Series of bits )
(7) Physical Layer:- BITS  ( 0, 1 )

                                

Types of VLAN

Hello, friends welcome back my tutorial my name Dinesh Kumar Gupta.
friends in this tutorial we learn about Switching VLAN concept.
as you know that in the last tutorials, we do discuss that What is VLAN? Advantage VLAN and also How to configure VLAN and How to assign the port for particular VLAN?

     Now in this tutorial, we learn that,

 Types of VLAN

• Static VLAN

• Dynamic VLAN

(1) Static VLAN:- In Static VLAN we can assign a particular port for particular VLAN

(2) Dynamic VLAN:- In Dynamic VLAN we can assign a particular port into multiple VLAN

Types Of VLAN Port 

(a) Access Port 

(b) Trunk Port

(a) Access Port:- those ports that are by default members of VLAN and in this access port connected the end user device. ex:- computer, laptop printer server etc

(b) Trunk Port:- those port that is used to transfer the VLAN database information one switch to another switch  

VLAN  Trunking Protocol 

There are two types of VLAN Trunking  Protocol 

(1) ISL:- Stands for Inter-Switch Link.

               It is the Cisco Standard Protocol. only use in Cisco switches. 

               by using Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI.

               it using 64 bytes tag after that transfer the database 

(2)802.1q:-  It is an Open standard protocol.

                  that is used to transfer the database one switch to another switch.

                  and it uses Cisco devices as well as the non-Cisco device.

                 only use Ethernet technology and uses here only 4-byte tag after that transfer the database                   of VLAN.

How to do Trunk port 

The command is 

Switch>

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#interface f0/1

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk.

             

What is VLAN? Advantage of VLAN and configuration VLAN?

Hello... Friends Welcome to my tutorial
My name is Dinesh Kumar Gupta. friends in the tutorial we learnt about that

What is VLAN?

VLAN:- Stands for Virtual Local Area Network
that is used to divided Single Broadcast  Domain into Sperate Broadcast Domain.
Is called VLAN.
Basically, VLAN concept related to the switch and we know that in a switch has multiple ports.
So here we can create are VLAN  1-1005 (Range of VLAN 1-1005)
and the VLAN 1, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005 is default VLAN
VLAN 1 called is the default VLAN and know as Native VLAN, Administrative VLAN
And remember that all the switch port are in VLAN 1.

Advantage of VLAN

• Limit the Broadcast
• Increase the Security
• Simple Management
• Increase the Network performance
• Scalable and flexibility

Now let's understand that how to create VLAN in Switch  at first, always remember that all the configuration run on the global configuration mode. so here is command is

Switch>

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)vlan 10

And we can see the VLAN command is

Switch#show vlan

And after that, we learnt how to assign the port in VLAN

as you can see that we already create VLAN 10, VLAN 20

now I'm  going to assign the port in VLAN and also you can see all port are in by default in VLAN 1

command is

Switch(config)#interface f0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
Switch(config-if)#exit

Show the vlan 

we can assign the port for VLAN with a range
first, select the interface with the range
command is 

Switch(config)#interface range f0/1-2
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10
Switch(config-if-range)#exit

Thanks for reading my tutorials

How to configuration SSH?

How to configuration SSH?

SSH:- Stands for secure shell  header      

It uses the secure protocol for remote access in a secure manner                                     It is more secure as compare to Telnet                                                                             

The requirement for configuration SSH 

(1) Configure Hostname 

(2) Configure Domain Name

(3) Configure Crypto Key

(4) Configure IP Address

(5) Configure SSH

(6) User Credicialial 

Switch>en

Switch#conf t

switch(config)#hostname dinu

dinu(config)#ip domain-name dinu.com

dinu(config)#crypto key genrate rsa

dinu(config)#interface vlan 1

dinu(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

dinu(config-if)#no shutdown 

dinu(config-if)#exit 

dinu(config)#line vty 0 4

dinu(config-line)#transport input ssh 

dinu(config-line)#password ccna

dinu(config-line)#login local

dinu(config-line)#exit

dinu(config)#user name dinesh password 456

After that goes to pc and type is command in the command prompt

PC>ssh -l Dinesh 192.168.1.1
Open
Password:
dinu>enable
Password:
dinu#configure terminal
dinu(config)#

How to configuration Telnet?

In this tutorials, I'm going to configure Telnet and SSH

Telnet:- it is a text-based command line interface for remotely access any device

Configure Telnet in the switch 

command is

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(conf)#line vty  0 4

Switch(config-line)#password ccna

Switch(config-line)#login local

Switch(config-line)#exit

Telnet configuration

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

What is the Management IP and how to configure?

hello, friends, my name is Dinesh Kumar Gupta in this tutorials we discuss about Management IP

What is the Management IP?

We know that switch is layer 2 ( Data-Link Layer) and we can't assign the IP Address for any port
but if we want to remotely access the switch in this time assign IP Address for VLAN.
It called Management IP.
now, let's see how to configure Management IP?
at first, goes to switch
type the command

switch>enable
switch#configure terminal
switch(conf)#interface VLAN 1
Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
Switch(config-if)#exit

Router and Switch mode

Hello, friends, my name is Dinesh Kumar Gupta.
I'm going to start today all configurations Routing and Switching.
That means to start a new series of CCNA(R & S), CCNA Security, And all topic related CCNA.

Stay Tuned...!

At first, we learn about all configurations of the switch
Before starting these tutorials
We know about that Mode of Router or Switch
So in Router and switch, there is three mode

(1) User Exec Mode:- In this mode show the configuration of router and switch

     the command is enable and goes to privilege mode

(2) Privliage Exec Mode:- In this mode show all configuration and check the connection 

      and the here type the command configuration terminal

(3) Global Configuration:- In this mode, we can configuration all type of configuration such as IP Address, Routing, Create VLAN  etc.

After that also discuss how many types of the port in the switch
(1) Console Port:- for access the switch on the PC
(2) Auxiliary Port:- it is used to connect WAN
(3) Fast Ethernet Port:- It is used to connect to host.
(4) Serial Port:-connect more switch.


If we want to configuration New switch
need to configuration following
Switch Hostname
Enable Password
Console Password
Management IP
etc.
So let's go and see the how to configure Hostname
it simply goes to mode 3 global configuration mode 

now next one is how to set the password on the switch

What is Networking Device and types of Networking Device?

What is Networking Device?

hello, friends, my name is DINESH KUMAR GUPTA Today I'm going to discussing  Networking Device.

First of all, what is Device?

Device:- An equipment that is connected to the network segment is called a device. the networking device is computer hardware used to connect to the network for the transmission of data.

Types of networking device

(1) End-user Device:- that device that is connected to directly to the user or that device that are provided direct services of the user. ex:-  computer, printer, scanner etc.

(2) Networking Device:- that device that is connected to the end users or that device that help to transmission data to the end user or help to communicate to the network is called a networking device.

for example:-

NIC            (Network Interface Card)

SWITCH

ROUTER

HUB

REPEATER

GATEWAY

BRIDGE

MODAM

FIREWALL  etc.

Now I am going to discuss one by one all networking device

NIC 

NIC stands for network interface card, sometimes is also known/called by network interface controller, NIC card, Ethernet card, RJ45 and also LAN card.
NIC card act as an interface computer and network cable.
allow the end user device to communicate in the network.
It contains the MAC (Media Access Control) address that has 48 Bit.
It's work on the Data Link Layer of the OSI Model.
It can be Wired and Wireless.

MAC ADDRESS

Stands for Media Access Control.
it also knows as Physical Address or Ethernet Address.
it is unique address on NIC Card
it has a 48-bit address and written in hexadecimal (0-9, A-F)
for example- FF-32-A9-DD-00-12
first 24 bit is Manufacturer ID and next 24 bit is Device ID or Serial ID.

REPEATER

The repeater is a Networking device that is to regenerate the signal or its convert week signal to strong signal.
it has two port first one is the input port and the second is output port.
it works the physical layer of the OSI Model.

HUB

HUB is a networking device that is used to connect or communication the computer or host in a network.
HUB always use Broadcast.
HUB is commonly used to connect segment of LAN.
it has multiple ports when a packet arrive at one port it is copied to the other port so that all segment of the LAN can see all packet.
it works the physical layer of the OSI Model.
Now, it is absolute from the network.
it has multiple ports it can be 4, 8, 16, 24, 42.
Transmission Mode
(1) Simplex:- Data flow in single Direction
(2) Duplex:-
     (a) Half Duplex:- one-time data flow
     (b) Full Duplex:- both side data flow at the same time.
In HUB transmission mode half-duplex mode.

SWITCH

The switch is a networking device that connects host in a network.
multiple ports to connect the computer or end-user device to communicate with each other.
it's working on the data link layer of the OSI Model.
Is use full duplex mode.
It has a transmission speed of 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 10 Gbps.
It contains the MAC Table and CAM table.
First-time use Broadcast and after use always unicast.
It has multiple ports it can be 8, 16, 24, 48, 64, 128.
It uses Star Topology.

ROUTER

A Router is a networking device that is used to transfer the data packet to the different network.
It works on the Network Layer of the OSI Model.
And also used to communicate two different Network.
Work as DHCP Server.
It is also used to access the internet.
It blocks the broadcast.
It used packet filtering Firewall.

GATEWAY

Gateway is a network node which connected two networks in a different protocol.
It acts as an exit point of the network.
It used to communicate two different networks.

MODEM

Modem stands foe modulator-demodulate.
A Modem is a device or programme that enable a computer to transmit data over.
that is used to convert analog signal to digital signal and digital signal to analog signal.
It works on the data link layer of the OSI Model. 

BRIDGE

The bridge that used to connect two different LAN segment.
It is used to filter the frame for work it according to the destination.
It works layer 2 (data - link layer) of the OSI Model.

Thanks for reading my tutorials.

What is LAN, CAN, MAN,

What is LAN? 
LAN:- Stand for Local Area Network.
Is stand for network computer within a limited area like office, school,  by using the network media.

What is CAN?
CAN:- Stand for Campus Area Network is an interconnection of local area Network within a limited geographical area.
A CAN is smaller than a wide area network.
Ex:- Corporate office campus, university etc.

What is MAN?

A metropolitan area network (MAN) is similar to a local area network (LAN) but spans an entire city or campus. MANs are formed by connecting multiple LANs. Thus, MANs are larger than LANs but smaller than wide area networks (WAN). 

MANs are extremely efficient and provide fast communication via high-speed carriers, such as fiber optic cables.

Basics of Computer Network ?

                                       Basics  of Computer Network 

(1) What is Network?

      When two or more devices are connected to each 
      other with the help of transmissions media.
              Is called Network.
      It also consists of a collection of computer, printer, 
     scanner and other devices that are connected together.
             Networking has a single purpose  to share the 
     information as fast as possible.